Journal of the American College of Radiology
Volume 7, Issue 1 , Pages 18-27 , January 2010

Breast Cancer Screening With Imaging: Recommendations From the Society of Breast Imaging and the ACR on the Use of Mammography, Breast MRI, Breast Ultrasound, and Other Technologies for the Detection of Clinically Occult Breast Cancer

References 

  1. Smith RA, Saslow D, Sawyer KA, et al. American Cancer Society guidelines for breast cancer screening: update 2003. CA Cancer J Clin. 2003;53:141–169
  2. Saslow D, Boetes C, Burke W, et al. American Cancer Society guidelines for breast screening with MRI as an adjunct to mammography. CA Cancer J Clin. 2007;57:75–89
  3. Verbeek ALM, Hendricks JHCL, Holland R, Mravunac M, Sturmans F. Screening and breast cancer mortality, age specific effects in Nijmegen project, 1975-82. Lancet. 1985;l:865–866
  4. Shapiro S, Venet W, Strax P, Venet L. Periodic screening for breast cancer: the Health Insurance Plan Project and its sequelae, 1963-1986. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1988;
  5. Nystrom L, Rutqvist LE, Wall S, et al. Breast cancer screening with mammography: overview of Swedish randomized trials. Lancet. 1993;341:973–978
  6. Roberts MM, Alexander FE, Anderson TJ, et al. Edinburgh trial of screening for breast cancer: mortality at seven years. Lancet. 1990;335:241–246
  7. Miller AB, Baines CJ, To T, et al. Canadian national breast screening study: 1: breast cancer detection and death rates among women aged 40 to 49 years. CMAJ. 1992;147:1459–1476
  8. Miller AB, Baines CJ, To T, et al. Canadian national breast screening study: 2: breast cancer detection and death rates among women aged 50 to 59 years. CMAJ. 1992;147:1477–1488
  9. Moss SM, Summerley ME, Thomas BT, Ellman R, Chamberlain JOP. A case-control evaluation of the effect of breast cancer screening in the United Kingdom trial of early detection of breast cancer. J Epidemiol Commun Health. 1992;46:362–364
  10. Otto SJ, Fracheboud J, Looman CWN, et al. National Evaluation Team for Breast Cancer Screening Initiation of population-based mammography screening in Dutch municipalities and effect on breast-cancer mortality: a systematic review. Lancet. 2003;361:411–417
  11. Kerlikowske K, Grady D, Rubin SM, et al. Efficacy of screening mammography (A metaanalysis). JAMA. 1995;273:149–154
  12. Tabar L, Vitak B, Tony HH, Yen MF, Duffy SW, Smith RA. Beyond randomized controlled trials: organized mammographic screening substantially reduces breast carcinoma mortality. Cancer. 2001;91:1724–1731
  13. Duffy SW, Tabar L, Chen H, et al. The impact of organized mammography service screening on breast carcinoma mortality in seven Swedish counties. Cancer. 2002;95:458–469
  14. Fletcher SW. Breast cancer screening among women in their forties: an overview of the issues. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 1997;22:5–9
  15. Shapiro S. Screening: assessment of current studies. Cancer. 1994;74:231–238
  16. Sox H. Screening mammography in women younger than 50 years of age. Ann Inter Med. 1995;122:550–552
  17. Kopans DB. Informed decision making: age of 50 is arbitrary and has no demonstrated influence on breast cancer screening in women. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;185:177–182
  18. Kopans DB, Moore RH, McCarthy KA, et al. Biasing the interpretation of mammography screening data by age grouping: nothing changes abruptly at age 50. Breast J. 1998;4:139–145
  19. Kerlikowske K, Grady D, Barclay J, Sickles EA, Eaton A, Ernster V. Positive predictive value of screening mammography by age and family history of breast cancer. JAMA. 1993;270:2444–2450
  20. Evans AJ, Kutt E, Record C, Waller M, Moss S. Radiological findings of screen-detected cancers in a multi-centre randomized, controlled trial of mammographic screening in women from age 40 to 48 years. Clin Radiol. 2006;61:784–788
  21. de Koning HJ, Boer R, Warmerdam PG, Beemsterboer PMM, van der Maas PJ. Quantitative interpretation of age-specific mortality reductions from the Swedish breast cancer-screening trials. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995;87:1217–1223
  22. Hendrick RE, Smith RA, Rutledge JH, Smart CR. Benefit of screening mammography in women ages 40-49: a new meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Monogr Natl Cancer Inst. 1997;22:87–92
  23. Moss SM, Cuckle H, Evans A, Johns L, Waller M, Bobrow L. Effect of mammographic screening from age 40 years on breast cancer mortality at 10 years' follow-up: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2006;368:2053–2060
  24. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for breast cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151:716–726
  25. Nelson HD, Tyne K, Naik A, Bougatsos C, Chan BK, Humphrey L. Screening for breast cancer: An update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Inter Med. 2009;151:727–737
  26. Mandelblatt JS, Cronin KA, Bailey D, et al. Effects of mammography screening under different screening schedules: Model estimates of potential benefits and harms. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151:738–747
  27. Qaseem A, Snow V, Sherif K, Aronson M, Weiss KB, Owens DK Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee of the American College of Physicians. Screening mammography for women 40 to 49 years of age: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:511–515
  28. Burstein HJ, Harris JR, Morrow M. Malignant tumors of the breast. In:  Devita VT,  Lawrence TS,  Rosenberg SA editor. Cancer: principles and practice of oncology. 8th ed.. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2008;p. 1606–1654
  29. Seidman H, Stellman SD, Mushinski MH. A different perspective on breast cancer risk factors: some implications of nonattributable risk. CA Cancer J Clin. 1982;32:301–313
  30. Lewin JM, D'orsi CJ, Hendrick RE, et al. Clinical comparison of full-field digital mammography and screen-film mammography for detection of breast cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002;179:671–677
  31. Skaane P, Skjennald A, Young K, et al. Follow up and final results of the Oslo I study comparing screen-film mammography and full-field digital mammography with soft copy reading. Acta Radiol. 2005;46:679
  32. Pisano ED, Gatsonis C, Hendrick E, et al. Diagnostic performance of digital versus film mammography for breast cancer screening. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:1773–1783
  33. Skaane P, Hofvind S, Skjennald A. Randomized trial of screen-film versus full-field digital mammography with soft-copy reading in population based screening program: follow-up and final results of Oslo II study. Radiology. 2007;244:708–717
  34. Pisano ED, Hendrick RE, Yaffe MJ, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of digital versus film mammography: exploratory analysis of selected population subgroups in DMIST. Radiology. 2008;246:376–383
  35. Dershaw DD. Breast imaging and the conservative treatment of breast cancer. Radiol Clin N Am. 2002;40:501–516
  36. Fowble B, Hanlon A, Freeman G, et al. Second cancers after conservative surgery and radiation for stages I-II breast cancer: identifying a subset of women at increased risk. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2001;51:679–690
  37. Travis LB, Curtis RE, Boice JD, et al. Second malignant neoplasms among long-term survivors of ovarian cancer. Cancer Res. 1996;56:1564–1590
  38. Yahalom J, Petrek JA, Bidinger P, et al. Breast cancer in patients irradiated for Hodgkin's disease: a clinical and pathological analysis of 45 events in 37 patients. J Clin Oncol. 1992;10:1674–1681
  39. Hancock SL, Tucker MA, Hoppe RT. Breast cancer after treatment of Hodgkin's disease. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993;85:25–31
  40. Bhatia S, Robison LL, Oberlin O, et al. Breast cancer and other second neoplasms after childhood Hodgkin's disease. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:745–751
  41. Wolden SL, Hancock SL, Carlson RW, Goffinet DR, Jeffrey SS, Hoppe RT. Management of breast cancer after Hodgkin's disease. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18:765–772
  42. Travis LB, Hill DA, Dores GM, et al. Breast cancer following radiotherapy and chemotherapy among young women with Hodgkin disease. JAMA. 2003;290:465–475
  43. Dershaw DD, Yahalom J, Petrek JA. Mammography of breast carcinoma developing in women treated for Hodgkin's disease. Radiology. 1992;184:421–423
  44. Henderson TO, Amsterdam A, Bhatia S, et al. Narrative review: surveillance for breast cancer in women treated with chest radiation for a childhood, adolescent or young adult cancer. In press.
  45. Arpino G, Laucirica R, Elledge RM. Premalignant and in situ breast disease: biology and clinical implications. Ann Intern Med. 2005;143:446–457
  46. Page DL, Dupont WE, Rogers LW, Rados MS. Atypical hyperplastic lesions of the female breast: a long-term follow-up study. Cancer. 1985;55:2698–2708
  47. Burke W, Daly M, Garber J, et al. Recommendations for follow-up care of individuals with an inherited predisposition to cancer II (BRCA1 and BRCA2). JAMA. 1997;277:997–1003
  48. Garber JE, Offit K. Hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:276–292
  49. Kerlikowske K, Grady D, Barclay J, et al. Effect of age, breast density, and family history on the sensitivity of first screening mammography. JAMA. 1996;276:33–38
  50. Kopans DB, Moore RH, McCarthy KA. Positive predictive value of breast biopsy performed as a result of mammography: there is no abrupt change at age 50 years. Radiology. 1996;200:357–360
  51. Smith-Bindman R, Kerlikowske K, Gebretsadik T. Is screening mammography effective in elderly women?. Am J Med. 2000;108:112–119
  52. Kerlikowske K, Salzmann P, Phillips KA, et al. Continuing screening mammography in women aged 70 to 79 years—impact on life expectancy and cost-effectiveness. JAMA. 1999;282:2156–2163
  53. Mandelblatt JS, Wheat ME, Monane M. Breast cancer screening for elderly women with and without comorbid conditions—a decision analysis model. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:722–730
  54. Gail MH, Brinton LA, Byar DP, et al. Projecting individualized probabilities of developing breast cancer for white females who are being examined annually. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1989;81:1879–1886
  55. Claus EB, Risch N, Thompson WD. Autosomal dominant inheritance of early-onset breast cancer (Implications for risk prediction). Cancer. 1994;73:643–651
  56. Berry DA, Iversen ES, Gudbjartsson DF, et al. BRCAPRO validation, sensitivity of genetic testing of BRCA1/BRCA2, and prevalence of other breast cancer susceptibility genes. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:2701–2712
  57. Antoniou AC, Cunningham AP, Peto J, et al. The BOADICEA model of genetic susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancers: updates and extensions. Br J Cancer. 2008;98:1457–1466
  58. Tyrer J, Duffy SW, Cuzick J. A breast cancer prediction model incorporating familial and personal risk factors. Stat Med. 2004;23:1111–1130
  59. Berg WA. Tailored supplemental screening for breast cancer: what now and what next?. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009;192:390–399
  60. Kriege M, Brekelmans CT, Boetes C, et al. Efficacy of MRI and mammography for breast-cancer screening in women with familial or genetic predisposition. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:427–437
  61. Warner E, Plewes DB, Hill KA, et al. Surveillance for BRCA 1and BRCA 2 mutation carriers with magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound mammography, and clinical breast examination. JAMA. 2004;292:1317–1325
  62. Leach MO, Boggis CR, Dixon AK, et al. Screening with magnetic resonance imaging and mammography of a UK population at high familial risk of breast cancer: a prospective multicentre cohort study. Lancet. 2005;365:1769–1778
  63. Kuhl C, Schrading S, Leutner CC, et al. Mammography, breast ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging for surveillance of women at high familial risk for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:8469–8476
  64. Lehman CD, Blume JD, Weatherall P, et al. Screening women at high risk for breast cancer with mammography and magnetic resonance imaging. Cancer. 2005;103:1898–1905
  65. Sardanelli F, Podo F, D'Agnolo G, et al. Multicenter comparative multimodality survey of women at genetic-familial high risk for breast cancer (HIBCRIT study): preliminary results. Radiology. 2007;242:698–715
  66. Lee SG, Orel SG, Woo IJ, et al. MR imaging screening of the contralateral breast in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer: preliminary results. Radiology. 2003;226:773–778
  67. Liberman L, Morris EA, Kim CM, et al. MR imaging findings in the contralateral breast of women with recently diagnosed breast cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003;180:333–341
  68. Lehman CD, Gatsonis C, Kuhl CK, et al. MRI evaluation of the contralateral breast in women with recently diagnosed breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:1295–1303
  69. Griebsch I, Brown J, Boggis C, et al. Cost effectiveness of screening with contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging vs X-ray mammography of women at a high familial risk of breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 2006;95:801–810
  70. Gordon PB, Goldenberg SL. Malignant breast masses detected only by ultrasound (A retrospective review). Cancer. 1995;76:626–630
  71. Kaplan SS. Clinical utility of bilateral whole-breast US in the evaluation of women with dense breast tissue. Radiology. 2001;221:641–664
  72. Kolb TM, Lichy J, Newhouse JH. Comparison of the performance of screening mammography, physical examination, and breast US and evaluation of factors that influence them: an analysis of 27,825 patient evaluations. Radiology. 2002;225:165–175
  73. Buchberger W, Niehoff A, Obrist P, DeKoekkoek-Doll P, Dunser M. Clinically and mammographically occult breast lesions: detection and classification with high resolution sonography. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2000;21:325–336
  74. Crystal P, Strano SD, Shcharynski S, Koretz MJ. Using sonography to screen women with mammographically dense breasts. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003;181:177–182
  75. Berg WA, Blume JD, Cormack JB, et al. Combined screening with ultrasound and mammography vs mammography alone in women at elevated risk of breast cancer. JAMA. 2008;299:2151–2163
  76. Harvey JA, Bovbjerg VE. Quantitative assessment of mammographic breast density: relationship with breast cancer risk. Radiology. 2004;230:29–41
  77. Boyd NF, Guo H, Martin LJ, et al. Mammographic density and the risk and detection of breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:227–236
  78. McCormack VA, dos Santos Silva I. Breast density and parenchymal patterns as markers of breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Cancer Epidem Biomarkers Prev. 2006;15:1159–1169
  79. Kopans DB. Basic physics and doubts about the relationship between mammographically determined tissue density and breast cancer risk. Radiology. 2008;246:348–353
  80. Lehman CD, Isaacs C, Schnall MD, et al. Cancer yield of mammography, MR, and US in high-risk women: prospective multi-institution breast cancer screening study. Radiology. 2007;244:381–388
  81. Gordon PB. Ultrasound for breast cancer screening and staging. Radiol Clin N Am. 2002;40:431–441
  82. Beahrs OH, Shapiro S, Smart CR. Report of the working group to review the National Cancer Institute-American Cancer Society Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Projects. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1979;62:641–709

 Disclosures: P. Evans, Hologic, Inc., consultant, Scientific Advisory Board. B. Monsees, Hologic, Inc., member, Advisory Board. L. Bassett, Hologic, Inc., consultant, Research Advisory Committee. W. Berg, Naviscan, Inc., consultant; Medipattern, Inc., consultant. E. Hendrick, GE Healthcare, consultant, member, Advisory Board; Koning, Corp., member, Advisory Board; Bracco Imaging, SpA, member, Advisory Board. E. Mendelson, Hologic, Inc., member, Medical Advisory Board; Siemens Medical Systems, investigator; Supersonic Imaging, investigator and speaker; Toshiba Ultrasound, speaker. C. D'Orsi, Hologic, Inc., consultant. L.W. Burhenne, Hologic, Inc., member, Advisory Committee.

PII: S1546-1440(09)00480-3

doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2009.09.022

Journal of the American College of Radiology
Volume 7, Issue 1 , Pages 18-27 , January 2010