Journal of the American College of Radiology
Volume 5, Issue 1 , Pages 23-28 , January 2008

Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis: An Overview

  • Shawn E. Cowper, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author and reprints: Shawn E. Cowper, MD, Yale University Dermatopathology Service, 15 York Street, LMP 5031, New Haven, CT 06520

References 

  1. Cowper SE, Robin HS, Steinberg SM, Su LD, Gupta S, LeBoit PE. Scleromyxoedema-like cutaneous disease in renal-dialysis patients. Lancet. 2000;356:1000–1001
  2. Cowper SE, Su L, Robin H, Bhawan J, LeBoit PE. Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy. Am J Dermatopathol. 2001;23:383–393
  3. Cowper SE. Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy [NFD/NSF Website]. 2001-2007. Available at http://www.icnfdr.org. Accessed 11/16/2007
  4. Cowper SE. Nephrogenic Fibrosing dermopathy: the first six years. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2003;15:785–790
  5. Mackay-Wiggan JM, Cohen DJ, Hardy MA, Knobler EH, Grossman ME. Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy (scleromyxedema-like illness of renal disease). J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;48:55–60
  6. Streams BN, Liu V, Liegeois N, Moschella SM. Clinical and pathological features of nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;48:42–47
  7. Cowper SE, Bucala R. Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy: suspect identified, motive unclear. Am J Dermatopathol. 2003;25:358
  8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fibrosing skin condition among patients with renal disease—United States and Europe 1997-2002. Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002;51:25–26
  9. Ting WW, Stone MS, Madison KC, Kurtz K. Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy with systemic involvement. Arch Dermatol. 2003;139:903–906
  10. Grobner T. Gadolinium—a specific trigger for the development of nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis?. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006;21:1104–1108
  11. Grobner T. Gadolinium—a specific trigger for the development of nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis?. [erratum] Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006;21:1745
  12. Joffe P, Thomsen HS, Meusel M. Pharmacokinetics of gadodiamide injection in patients with severe renal insufficiency and patients undergoing hemodialysis or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Acad Radiol. 1998;5:491–502
  13. Okada S, Katagiri K, Kumazaki T, Yokoyama H. Safety of gadolinium contrast agent in hemodialysis patients. Acta Radiol. 2001;42:339–341
  14. Bartolini ME, Pekar J, Chettle DR, McNeill F, Scott A, Sykes J, et al. An investigation of the toxicity of gadolinium based MRI contrast agents using neutron activation analysis. Magn Reson Imaging. 2003;21:541–544
  15. Marckmann P, Skov L, Rossen K, et al. Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: suspected causative role of gadodiamide used for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;17:2359–2362
  16. Dharnidarka VR, Wesson SK, Fennell RS. Gadolinium and nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy in pediatric patients. Pediatr Nephrol. 2007;22:1395
  17. Khurana A, Runge VM, Narayanan M, Greene JF, Nickel AE. Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: a review of 6 cases temporally related to gadodiamide injection (Omniscan). Invest Radiol. 2007;42:139–145
  18. Thomsen HS. European Society of Urogenital Radiology guidelines on contrast media application. Curr Opin Urol. 2007;17:70–76
  19. High WA, Ayers RA, Chandler J, Zito G, Cowper SE. Gadolinium is detectable within the tissue of patients with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;56:21–26
  20. Cowper SE. Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: a ten year overview. Presented to: US Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring, Md; February 1, 2007.
  21. High WA, Ayers RA, Cowper SE. Gadolinium is quantifiable within the tissue of patients with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;56:710–712

PII: S1546-1440(07)00448-6

doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2007.08.013

Journal of the American College of Radiology
Volume 5, Issue 1 , Pages 23-28 , January 2008

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